Facts

  • Many children, particularly toddlers, will drink a lot and consequently pass a lot of urine (wee) - this is a habit.
  • Most children with excessive drinking will have 'habitual drinking' and will not have a brain tumour.
  • However, sometimes excessive thirst can arise as a result of a brain tumour or other medical condition.
  • If a child starts wetting the bed, and this is unusual for them, or is having accidents during the day, or a baby starts leaking from nappies then this could indicate that they have diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
  • Diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes, often referred to just as 'diabetes') can be checked by a doctor using a finger prick blood test – this is not associated with a brain tumour. If the blood test is normal, then this thirst can be due to diabetes insipidus, where the body is not able to concentrate urine properly. This is rare and is usually due to a disturbance of the regulation of the hormones released by a part of the brain called the pituitary gland. A brain tumour can be one possible cause of such disturbance.
  • Brain tumours causing excessive drinking often also cause delayed growth and delayed or arrested (suspended) puberty – these additional symptoms should be looked for carefully.

Preschool under 5

In young children who are unable to communicate, it may be difficult to realise that they are excessively thirsty. Signs and symptoms that could suggest diabetes insipidus include:

  • unexplained weight loss
  • large volumes of urine, and potential leaks from nappies

Those preschool children who are older and have diabetes insipidus will show an ongoing desire to drink, and an increased level of urination. Those who are potty trained may make frequent visits to the toilet, and may start to wet the bed or have accidents in the daytime when they previously didn’t.

Diabetes insipidus due to a brain tumour, is often associated with slow growth.

Any child with increased thirst and urination should be seen urgently by a doctor to determine whether this is due to a type of diabetes, and if so, the cause of the diabetes.

Select for more general information for parents and carers.

Children 5-11

The main symptoms in children with diabetes insipidus will be:

  • Excessive thirst - an ongoing desire to drink, often feeling dry no matter how much they drink.
  • Increased urination - needing to go to the toilet more frequently and often passing pale watery urine

They may start to wet the bed or have accidents in the daytime when they previously didn’t. They may also show a loss of appetite, weight loss or fatigue.

Diabetes insipidus due to a brain tumour is often associated with slow growth

Any child with increased thirst and urination should be seen urgently by a doctor to determine whether this is due to a type of diabetes, and if so, the cause of the diabetes.

Select for more general information for parents and carers.

Young adult 12-18

The main symptoms for young people with diabetes insipidus will be:

  • Excessive thirst - an ongoing desire to drink, often feeling dry no matter how much they drink.
  • Increased urination - needing to go to the toilet more frequently and often passing pale watery urine
    • general fatigue (tiredness)
    • weight loss
    • feeling ‘run down’ and generally unwell
    • tiredness and irritability resulting from interrupted sleep
  • They may also have symptoms including:

    Diabetes insipidus due to a brain tumour is often associated with slow growth and delayed, slowed or stopped puberty in this age group.

    Needing to go to the toilet frequently can make it difficult to go on journeys or to go out to places where there will not be facilities close by, and sometimes young people might choose to avoid these situations when they can. They might also start to miss school or college, because the symptoms are embarrassing or awkward for them, or they are worried about not making it to the toilet in time. These are understandable concerns, and if this is bothering you, or a young person in your care, we really encourage you to go to your GP to get some help.

    All young people with the symptoms of diabetes should be seen urgently by a doctor.

    If you are a young person select for more information about seeing your GP.

    You might think these symptoms are an awkward subject to talk about, but your doctor should be understanding and keen to see how he or she can help.

    If you are a parent or carer of a young person, and you are concerned about their symptoms, explain that you think they should go to the GP and offer to make them an appointment. Bare in mind that, depending on their age and circumstances, they may choose to go to the GP on their own, although many appreciate having a parent or carer with them, whatever their age.

    Select for more general information for parents and carers.

Be aware

If you are worried about the child, make an appointment with your doctor.
If the symptoms of signs are sudden onset or severe, either take them to the emergency department or call 999